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I got one VPS account in my hosting company from which I am able to
enable and disable my server such as, shutdown, reboot , statup function.

At the beginning, when  I tried to change my default root directory from
root to my expected directoy like /home/duncan/public_html  by eding
the /etc/passwd with chainging as follows
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash to root:x:0:0:root:/root:cd /home/dunican/public_html
and reboot the server, after then, I could not access SSH and my account again , Why ?

All reboot, reset password, shutdow, startup VPS is on the hosting comany member area only on its hosting company website only. I only acess my root account through SSH/putty
But now after passwd file editing, I could not access SSH anymore.

How can I access my SSH again, please advise

Duncan

Can you do this ?

ssh otheruser@vps_server

where "otheruser" is a userid other than root? You can then try "sudo" or "su".

If anything fails you'll have to ask the hosting company to reset the /etc/passwd file to some previous version, or to change the "root" entry to contain a valid shell in the last column.